![]() Some Li-ion cells with LCO architecture feature a surface coating and electrolyte additives that increase the nominal cell voltage and permit higher charge voltages. It should be noted that the higher voltage is often set arbitrarily and does not affect the operation of portable devices or the setting of the chargers. Similarly on Li-manganese with a lower internal resistance gives an average voltage of 3.7V. For Li-cobalt the mid-way point is about 3.6V. Voltage calculations include measuring the mid-way point from a full-charge of cell 4.20V to the 3.0V cutoff with a 0.5C load. The nominal voltage is a function of anode and cathode materials, as well as impedance. Equipment manufacturers follow the nominal cell voltage of 3.6V for most Li-ion systems as a power source. The 3.7V rating also creates unfamiliar references of 11.1V and 14.8V when connecting three and four cells in series rather than the more familiar 10.80V and 14.40V for 3.6V respectively. This offers a marketing advantage because the higher voltage boosts the watt-hours on paper. Some cell manufacturers mark it as 3.7V or higher. The nominal voltage of a lithium-ion cell is 3.6V. Here are the nominal voltages of the most common cells in brief. However Manufacturers rate a cell by assigning a nominal voltage, and with a few exceptions, these voltages follow an agreed convention. A Li-ion cell is an electrochemical device that produces a voltage potential when placing metals of different affinities into an electrolyte. ![]()
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